Bottles of shampoo and manufactured in the early 20th century by the C.L. Of Shampoo ( ) is a product, typically in the form of a viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning. Less commonly, shampoo is available in bar form, like a bar of soap. Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product into the hair, and then rinsing it out. Some users may follow a shampooing with the use of.

The goal of using shampoo is to remove the unwanted build-up in the hair without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo is generally made by combining a, most often or, with a co-surfactant, most often in water. Specialty shampoos are available for people with, color-treated hair, gluten or wheat allergies, an interest in using an 'all-natural', ', ' or 'plant-derived' product, and infants and young children ('baby shampoo' is less irritating). There are also shampoos intended for animals that may contain or other medications to treat skin conditions or infestations such as fleas. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] The word entered the English language from during the colonial era. It dates to 1762, and is derived from chāmpo (चाँपो ), itself derived from the Sanskrit root chapayati (चपयति, which means to press, knead, soothe).

India [ ] In India, a variety of herbs and their extracts have been used as shampoos since ancient times. A very effective early shampoo was made by boiling with dried (amla) and a selection of other herbs, using the strained extract.

Sapindus, also known as soapberries or soapnuts, a tropical tree widespread in India, is called Ksuna (Sanskrit: क्षुण) in ancient Indian texts and its fruit pulp contains saponins which are a natural surfactant. The extract of soapberries creates a lather which Indian texts called phenaka (Sanskrit: फेनक). It leaves the hair soft, shiny and manageable. Other products used for hair cleansing were shikakai (), flowers, ritha () and arappu (Albizzia amara)., the founding prophet and the first of, made references to soapberry tree and soap in the 16th century. Cleansing with hair and body massage (champu) during one's daily bath was an indulgence of early colonial traders in India.

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When they returned to Europe, they introduced the newly learnt habits, including the hair treatment they called shampoo. Swedish advertisement for toiletries, 1905/1906, a traveller, surgeon, and entrepreneur, is credited with introducing the practice of champooi or 'shampooing' to Britain. In 1814, Mahomed, with his Irish wife Jane Daly, opened the first commercial 'shampooing' vapour masseur bath in England, in. He described the treatment in a local paper as 'The Indian Medicated Vapour Bath (type of Turkish bath), a cure to many diseases and giving full relief when every thing fails; particularly Rheumatic and paralytic, gout, stiff joints, old sprains, lame legs, aches and pains in the joints'.

During the early stages of shampoo in Europe, English boiled shaved in and added to give the hair shine and. Commercially made shampoo was available from the turn of the 20th century. A 1914 advertisement for Canthrox Shampoo in American Magazine showed young women at camp washing their hair with Canthrox in a lake; magazine advertisements in 1914 by featured Harmony Hair Beautifier and Shampoo. In 1927, liquid shampoo was invented by German inventor in Berlin, whose name created a shampoo brand sold in Europe. Originally, and shampoo were very similar products; both containing the same naturally derived, a type of.

Modern shampoo as it is known today was first introduced in the 1930s with Drene, the first shampoo using synthetic surfactants instead of soap. Indonesia [ ] Early shampoos used in Indonesia were made from the and ( merang) of. The husks and straws were burned into ash, and the ashes (which have properties) are mixed with water to form. The ashes and lather were scrubbed into the hair and rinsed out, leaving the hair clean, but very dry. Afterwards, was applied to the hair in order to moisturize it. Pre-Columbian North America [ ] Certain tribes used extracts from North American plants as hair shampoo; for example the of present-day coastal used extracts from the,, Pre-Columbian South America [ ] Before can be eaten the must be washed out from the grain prior to cooking.

Pre-Columbian civilizations used this soapy by-product as a shampoo. Composition [ ].

Typical liquid shampoo Shampoo is generally made by combining a, most often or, with a co-surfactant, most often in to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt (), which is used to adjust the viscosity, a and. Other ingredients are generally included in shampoo formulations to maximize the following qualities: • pleasing foam • ease of rinsing • minimal and • thick or creamy feeling • pleasant fragrance • low • good • slight ( less than 7) • no damage to hair • repair of damage already done to hair Many shampoos are. This effect is achieved by addition of tiny flakes of suitable materials, e.g., chemically derived from, which may have either animal or vegetable origins. Glycol distearate is a wax.

Many shampoos also include to provide conditioning benefits. Commonly used ingredients [ ] • • • • is derived from coconut oils and is used to soften water and create a lather. There was some concern over this particular ingredient circa 1998 as evidence suggested it might be a carcinogen, and this has yet to be disproved, as many sources still describe it as irritating to the hair and scalp.

• • Sodium lauroamphoacetate is naturally derived from coconut oils and is used as a cleanser and counter-irritant. This is the ingredient that makes the product tear-free. • 20 (abbreviated as ) is a mild glycol-based surfactant that is used to solubilize fragrance oils and essential oils; meaning it causes liquid to spread across and penetrate the surface of a solid (i.e. • 80 (abbreviated as ) is a glycol used to emulsify (or disperse) oils in water (so the oils do not float on top like Italian salad dressing). • PEG-150 distearate is a simple thickener. • is produced biochemically and is used as an antioxidant to preserve the oils in the product.

While it is a severe eye-irritant, the sodium lauroamphoacetate counteracts that property. Citric acid is used to adjust the pH down to approximately 5.5.

It is a fairly weak acid which makes the adjustment easier. Shampoos usually are at pH 5.5 because at slightly acidic pH, the scales on a hair follicle lie flat, making the hair feel smooth and look shiny. It also has a small amount of preservative action. Citric acid as opposed to any other acid will prevent bacterial growth. [ ] • is used as a bacterial and fungicidal preservative.

• -10 has nothing to do with the chemical quaternium-15; it acts as the conditioning ingredient, providing moisture and fullness to the hair. • Di-PPG-2 myreth-10 adipate is a water-dispersible emollient that forms clear solutions with surfactant systems • Methylisothiazolinone, or MIT, is a powerful biocide and preservative. Ingredient and functional claims [ ] In the USA, the (FDA) mandates that shampoo containers accurately list ingredients on the products container. The government further regulates what shampoo manufacturers can and cannot claim as any associated benefit. Shampoo producers often use these regulations to challenge marketing claims made by competitors, helping to enforce these regulations.

While the claims may be substantiated however, the testing methods and details of such claims are not as straightforward. For example, many products are purported to protect hair from damage due to.

While the ingredient responsible for this protection does block UV, it is not often present in a high enough concentration to be effective. The North American Hair Research Society has a program to certify functional claims based on third party testing. Shampoos made for treating medical conditions such as, are regulated as drugs in the US marketplace. In other parts of the world such as the EU, there is a requirement for the anti-dandruff claim to be substantiated, but it is not considered to be a medical problem. Health risks [ ] A number of contact are used as ingredients in shampoos, and caused by shampoos is well known. Can identify ingredients to which patients are allergic, after which a physician can help the patient find a shampoo that is free of the ingredient to which they are allergic.

The US bans 11 ingredients from shampoos, Canada bans 587, and the EU bans 1328. Specialized shampoos [ ] Dandruff [ ] Cosmetic companies have developed shampoos specifically for those who have.

These contain such as, and, which reduce loose dander by killing. And derivatives are often used as well. Despite a big success of medicated shampoos there are also other alternatives for people who dislike using a lot of chemicals.

Organic, natural shampoos can be a suitable alternative. These shampoos often use tea tree oil, essential oils and extracts. [ ] Colored hair [ ] Many companies have also developed color-protection shampoos suitable for colored hair; some of these shampoos contain gentle cleansers according to their manufacturers.

Gluten-free or wheat-free [ ] Many people suffer from on their palms and their head. Photo Editor App Free Download For Nokia E5. Some find that wheat or gluten (the protein found in many grains including wheat) is the cause, particularly if they are sensitive to this in food; e.g. Celiac disease.

Shampoo can often go into the mouth, particularly for children, so all individuals who are on diets may prefer to find a gluten-free shampoo. Shampoo manufacturers are starting to recognize this and there are now gluten-free and wheat-free products available. Wheat derivatives and ingredients from the other gluten grains are commonly used as binders to help the shampoo stick together and are also used as emollients in the form of oils.

Following is a list of grain-derived shampoo ingredients. Most of these ingredients do not theoretically contain any intact wheat proteins, but may do so due to incomplete processing or contamination. • Triticum vulgare (wheat), hordeum vulgare (barley), secale cereale (rye), or avena sativa (oats), including any oil, protein, hydrosylate, or other extract from any part of the plant.

This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) () Shampoo intended for animals may contain or other medications for treatment of skin conditions or infestations such as. These must never be used on humans. While some human shampoos may be harmful when used on animals, any human haircare products that contain active ingredients or drugs (such as zinc in anti-dandruff shampoos) are potentially toxic when ingested by animals. Special care must be taken not to use those products on pets. Cats are at particular risk due to their instinctive method of grooming their fur with their tongues.

Shampoos that are especially designed to be used on, commonly and, are normally intended to do more than just clean the pet's or skin. Most of these shampoos contain ingredients which act differently and are meant to treat a skin condition or an or to fight against. The main ingredients contained by pet shampoos can be grouped in insecticidals, antiseborrheic, antibacterials, antifungals,, and.

Whereas some of these ingredients may be efficient in treating some conditions, pet owners are recommended to use them according to their 's indications because many of them cannot be used on cats or can harm the pet if it is misused. Generally, insecticidal pet shampoos contain, (such as permethrin and which may not be used on cats) and. These ingredients are mostly found in shampoos that are meant to fight against parasite infestations.

Antifungal shampoos are used on pets with yeast or infections. These might contain ingredients such as,,, or (which cannot be used on cats). Bacterial infections in pets are sometimes treated with antibacterial shampoos. They commonly contain,, povidone iodine,,, or sulfur.

Shampoos are intended to provide relief of itching due to conditions such as atopy and other allergies. These usually contain colloidal,,, pramoxine hydrochloride,,, sulfur or salicylic acid.

These ingredients are aimed to reduce the inflammation, cure the condition and ease the symptoms at the same time while providing comfort to the pet. Antiseborrheic shampoos are those especially designed for pets with scales or those with excessive oily coats. These shampoos are made of sulfur,, refined (which cannot be used on cats), (cannot be used on cats) and benzoyl peroxide. All these are meant to treat or prevent seborrhea oleosa, which is a condition characterized by excess oils. Dry scales can be prevented and treated with shampoos that contain sulfur or salicylic acid and which can be used on both cats and dogs. Emollient shampoos are efficient in adding oils to the skin and relieving the symptoms of a dry and itchy skin.

Earth 2160 Activation Keygen Idm. They usually contain oils such as,,,,,, Persia,,,,. The emollient shampoos are typically used with emulsifiers as they help distributing the emollients.

These include ingredients such as,,, PEG-4 dilaurate,,,,,,,,,. Although some of the pet shampoos are highly effective, some others may be less effective for some condition than another. Yet, although natural pet shampoos exist, it has been brought to attention that some of these might cause to the skin of the pet. Natural ingredients that might be potential allergens for some pets include, or extracts and. On the contrary, oatmeal appears to be one of the most widely skin-tolerated ingredients that is found in pet shampoos. Most ingredients found in a shampoo meant to be used on animals are safe for the pet as there is a high likelihood that the pets will lick their coats, especially in the case of cats.

Pet shampoos which include, or colors may harm the skin of the pet by causing inflammations or irritation. Shampoos that do not contain any unnatural additives are known as shampoos and are increasing in popularity. Solid [ ] Solid shampoos or shampoo bars use as their surfactants soaps or other surfactants formulated as solids. They have the advantage of being spill-proof.

They are easy to apply; one may simply rub the bar over wet hair, and work the soaped hair into a low lather. Jelly and gel [ ] Stiff, non-pourable clear gels to be squeezed from a tube were once popular forms of shampoo, and can be produced by increasing a shampoo's.

This type of shampoo cannot be spilled, but unlike a solid, it can still be lost down the drain by sliding off wet skin or hair. Paste and cream [ ] Shampoos in the form of pastes or creams were formerly marketed in jars or tubes. The contents were wet but not completely dissolved. They would apply faster than solids and dissolve quickly.

Antibacterial [ ] Antibacterial shampoos are often used in medicine for various conditions, as well as in humans before some. No Poo Movement [ ]. Main article: Closely associated with, the ' movement consists of people rejecting the societal norm of frequent shampoo use. Some adherents of the no poo movement use or to wash their hair, while others use diluted honey. Other people use nothing, rinsing their hair only with conditioner. Theory [ ] In the 1970s, ads featuring and asserted that it was unhealthy not to shampoo several times a week.

This mindset is reinforced by the greasy feeling of the scalp after a day or two of not shampooing. Using shampoo every day removes, the oil produced by the scalp.

This causes the to produce oil at a higher rate, to compensate for what is lost during shampooing. According to Michelle Hanjani, a dermatologist at Columbia University, a gradual reduction in shampoo use will cause the sebum glands to produce at a slower rate, resulting in less grease in the scalp. Although this approach might seem unappealing to some individuals, many people try alternate shampooing techniques like baking soda and vinegar in order to avoid chemicals and ingredients used in many shampoos that make hair greasy over time.

References [ ].