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May 14, 2017. Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. Oil fluid properties - Ideally, fluid properties such as bubblepoint pressure, solution gas/oil ratio, formation volume factor and others are determined from laboratory studies designed to duplicate the conditions of interest. However, experimental data are quite often.

In the debate over energy resources, natural gas is often considered a 'lesser-of-evils'. While it does release some greenhouse gases, natural gas burns cleaner than coal and oil, and is in plentiful supply—parts of the U.S. Sit above some of the largest natural gas reserves on Earth. But a new boom in natural gas drilling, a process called 'fracking', raises concerns about health and environmental risks. This week, NOW talks with filmmaker Josh Fox about, his Sundance award-winning documentary on the surprising consequences of natural gas drilling. Fox's film—inspired when the gas company came to his hometown—alleges chronic illness, animal-killing toxic waste, disastrous explosions, and regulatory missteps.

Related Link: Watch the Trailer. Viewer Comments Commenter: Denver Pinedale, Wy Fracking is not a last resort in all areas it is used as a primary opperation to get the oil and gas out of the ground in most areas. They do it on new wells and old wells not only those that are slowing down on production. There is also alot of areas where there is huge fields of natural gas and oil well drilling that have not been harmed at all take for instance the biggest gas and oil field in the nation located in sublette county. Commenter: josh bruntler These comments are extremely ammusing.

Was solely populated by people like yourselves we would be living in the dark, still trying to figure out how to stay warm. God forbid all the traffic that comes by your house, that is called PEOPLE WORKING. Or the greed created by job creation, that would be called AMBITION. I know it is a lot easier for you all to pay ten guys to watch one fill in pot holes and call it job creation, but at the end of the day we need to create a products/services somewhere in this country in order to keep paying for your health care bill and socioeconomic research.

There is a risk involved with anything, should we put a moratorium on automobiles and highways so we can sit back and study in order to find a way for the world to be perfect? It's not going to happen idiots, get used to it. The truth is the industry has done more research/studies in order to better their practices than you people could even imagine, because unlike yourselves they are hooked up with an industry that makes PROFITS, and dont have to call over to Congress for grant money to support their retarded theories. Commenter: Josh G WOW!! This is so one sided. I wish that everyone on here that is panicing could see all the regulations that the gas companies have to comply with.

I also wish that someone with some knowlege about geology was on the show to explain what goes on underground during a Frac. The danger to surface drinking water is beyond insignificant. You can feel the frac at surface?? Fracing is a last ditch effort?? People are scared of what they don't understand. The energy companies are given a bad name in the media and most of the information or portrayals are wrong or from fifty years ago. Please do not watch this and panic.

It is not accurate or show anywhere near the whole picture. Commenter: Faith in Edwardsville PA You know. I do not support the natural gas drilling. What would we do for clean water to drink, wash our clothes in, and take showers?

We wont be able to do anything. But thank you for showing us that this topic is highly important.

Everyone needs water to survive. There is a meeting here in Pennsylvania tomorrow at the Kingston Township building. So if anyone that comments on this, you know. And then Earth Day the 22nd is a protest down in Wilkes Barre Pa, on the Square. This is highly important for everyone. And we all need to do something about it.

Commenter: Fay Muir This is BOOM abd BUST economics - some dollars for a few years. What do we gain by getting dollars for gas and despoiling our air, water, natural viewsheds and wildlife forever. Commenter: Cracker Jack If you liked this, you should watch 'Troubled Waters' be a PBS affiliate, AETN, the Arkansas Educational Television Network.

The gas segment is near the end. Commenter: Thomas Cole This is a response to Mr. Gail Bloomer, Ph.D. A quick search of that name came up that he is a representative of a gas/oil company. He did make some good points about the drilling being the main cause of the contamination. Arkansas' Public Television station, AETN, did an excellent documentary of the health of the water in the state and it is a must see.

It addresses the water issues concerning natural gas near the end of the show, but the whole show kept me interested. I was in the middle of the gas exploration in 2006 in Arkansas and many people leased their land for $25/acre b/c the gas companies had come to the state in the 1970's, signed a 5 year lease, then determined it unfeasable to drill and left/stopped payment after a year. I was suprised to learn that the author of the documentary had recieved over $4k/acre for the lease (I don't remember what he got). The most I have heard of in Arkansas is $750/acre, and that's from people holding out for 2 years while other nearby properties leased at $300 They're out to make money.and we like gas.so whatever.

Commenter: Peggy G. If they are using chemicals which are dangeruous they shouldn't use them at all because it sounds scary to know something is in the earth which wasn't created but is man's chemicals, you should not destroy what he created.

It sounds like someone knows this chemicals are bad but no one is doing anything about this drilling. It sounds like no one wants renewable energy because there is more money in those fossil fuels. It sounds like I don't want near any drilling and hope my neighbors feel likewise. They kill animals, humans, fish? Why doesn't someone ask Rendell to stop the drilling in PA? Commenter: Michelle To Just Tex, It would be more productive if you told us the inaccuracies that you found with the report rather than ranting and being sacastic. I don't know anything about fracking but I do know there is a tendency for oil, gas and chemical companies to go into areas where people are not well-educated, poor, and/or don't ask questions.

The companies then exploit the resources with the permission of the community. But the community doesn't realize the long-term health and economic effects of their decision.

Livepix Looney Tunes Photo Print Studio. That is my tendency to believe a story like Gasland, because is unforetunately very common. So Just Tex, why is it wrong? And please no ranting peppered with sarcasm, just the facts please! Commenter: Michelle To Mr Gail Bloomer Ph.d (previous commenter), I don't know anything about Fracking, first time I've ever heard of it. You are well qualified to talk about this issue, as it is your area of expertise. As I understood from your comments, you don't think the story was accurate, and furthermore, you thought it was an attempt to further an agenda by the filmmaker and his sponsors. Ok, but how do you then explain the following?: 1.

The guy who could like a fire with his faucet. And apparently other people in the neighborhood could do it as well. The woman who had cats and a horse and all were losing their hair. The horse was also losing weight. The people who were getting really sick, and lived in the same neighborhood. That cocktail of chemicals that the filmmaker talked about. Did he make it up?

I haven't seen the entire movie yet, I have a feeling there are many more disheartening cases and evidence of a much bigger problem. If these cases are not the norm, why isn't more being done to help these people and to regulate at least the bad companies, because clearly they can't regulate themselves? And most importantly, I will assume you have a family, would you feel 100% confident in the water that came out of your tap if you and your family lived in one of these communities? Would you be so quick to blame the problems that you may experience on highways, fertilizer farms and other industries? Commenter: Richard Another area where we need regulation. We're facing hard times and quick fixes like this will only make things worst---faster.

Commenter: Giacomo 1. The real resource is water, not gas. Each well has useful lifetime of 15 years and jobs are not created on site, they are imported.

The tradeoff is unlimited water forever versus 15 years of gas drilling. Even if you control the fracking fliuds that are extracted after the process back on the surface, innumerable quantities remain in the ground. Liquids migrate through cohesion, adhesion and the likes.you can't control it.it's an economically negative proposition to drill: the cost of the gas that you extract does not reflect its real cost. Commenter: TomL in PA Maybe Mr. Gail Bloomer should volunteer to go on 'NOW on PBS' ASAP to *PROVE* all his selectively-worded points on his 'truths of fraking.' Think about this: That part of 2005 US Energy Policy Act that EXEMPTS gas drilling and fraking from the regulations and oversights of the national Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Air Act, and various regulations on waste disposal is often called the 'Halliburton Loophole'. If the process is so clean, force the oil & gas industry to follow the same regulations based on the existing laws that apply to everyone else!

As far as drilling and fraking, it makes much more sense that if you: A) punch a hole in the ground (and even through or near small aquifers and/or the surrounding groundwater saturation level), you create a draining point, then, B) you drill the hole deeper to frak the rock stratas BELOW that drain by injecting millions of gallons of then 'chemically-enhanced' local water under enormous pressures, and then, C) pump that newly-contaminated water back out to 'clean(?)' it up and put back into our water cycle (but it's impossible to get all that tainted stuff out, or cleaned entirely). That CAN'T be GOOD. It becomes a point of contamination. Even an occasional drilling/fraking 'mistake' still may cause problems that have far-reaching (and long-term) bad impacts. If not now, then later.

Then, SURPRISE! It's deemed 'non-point source' water contamination, without anyone being responsible for mitigation, clean-up or compensation. 'Why, who knows FOR SURE where that stuff comes from? And 'Can you PROVE that stuff wasn't there before?' I've lived with this same situation in the soft coal region of central Pennsylvania all my life.

Even if fraking may work properly (???) 99% of the time -- which it DOESN'T -- it's just not worth risking our fresh water to drill, drill, drill EVERYWHERE at the high levels that are being projected. Just 1% of 200,000 wells equals 2,000 points of contamination.

Is that acceptable? Especially if it's your town, your home, your kids? I know it's not for me. Think about this: just one company alone, Chesapeake Energy Corp. From Oklahoma has 1.6 million acres in the Marcellus shale. Hmm, I wonder how many wells they might bring to PA over the next decade or so?

Other countries and continents are in bad shape economically and health-wise for lack of potable water. And our odd interpretation of GREED by the same ol' players in the misuse of our natural resources as 'energy freedom' can lead to the same problem here. If we don't see it, we often don't consider it a problem. If these extraction mistakes don't immediately affect us personally, many might not see it as a a big issue -- that's human nature. And industry and profiteers know that -- and take advantage of it for their HUGE gains and to our HUGE detriment. I'm a capitalist, but I'm a realist first. This isn't 'energy freedom' in any way, shape, or form.

We are trading our future in supplying energy to the GLOBAL markets through GLOBAL energy entities. I hope we wise up as a civilization. Hopefully, we *CAN* fix 'stupid.' Commenter: Margaret Foster Gasland should be seen by as many people as possible. Is a DVD available for purchase?

Alternatively, how can we arrange a showing in our region? Our community of Port Jefferson in Long Island, NY, shows a series of documentary films in the fall and in the spring. Planning for the fall 2010 series will begin soon.

Please make a film available. Our water supply is too precious to risk.

If we need more gas, we need to find a better way to extract the gas and a better way to monitor and evaluate the process. I recently came across an article that supports information presented in the NOW program about pollution in Dimock PA.

According to the article by Tom Pelton in the Winter 2010 issue of the Magazine of the Chespeake Bay Foundation, one citizen in Dimock asked the gas comp[any to supply drinking water after her well exploded and her water was contaminated with methane. For about a year, the Texas-based company refused. It was only after a local paper published a story about this that the company dropped off some bottle water at her home. Commenter: Jim This video shows one side of the truth but next time u go to turn ur heater hot water or stove on and u complain about the gas well punch ur self because those big bad evil wells help all ur hipocritic selves use alot of the things in ur house work.

Not only that but it helps put food my table and many other peoples table. Commenter: Aaron Hello, I greatly admire this program. This story was appalling to me, and I knew nothing about 'fracking' until I saw this edition of NOW. Unbelievable that the activities of human beings on this planet have screwed it up and poisoned it so badly! Mining or natural gas drilling, which creates pools of toxic waste water, which then leaks into ground water, poisoning animals and creating flammable tap water.An abomination! This was one of NOW's best and most topical editions.a vivid interview, with startling footage.

Very effective and affecting. Commenter: Oobie Doobie This report was a bunch of crap: one-sided, without anyone with an opposing viewpoint given the opportunity to refute the 'facts' presented by Mr.

Unfair and unbalanced. Commenter: No I don't money is the root of all evil. Commenter: Michelle Any plans to repeat this for those of us who missed it? Or better yet, any plans to air Gasland on PBS? Advanced Engineering Mathematics By Rk Jain Srk Iyengar Pdf Free Download. Commenter: howe A comment by Prof. Bloomer has some really great talking points, but it almost sounds like a liberal voting for health care reform without worrying about unintended consequences.

There are several million people concerned about the conqequence of hydraulic fracturing. There may be some plausible reasons for why people are getting sick, water tasting nasty, and animals losing their hair, spicket water catching fire etc. Maybe it should be thoroughly investigated.

An immediate investigation by city and federal officials to insure the safety of the public should be done sooner rather than later. The gas companies should also be involved in this endeavor at least financially to separate truth from myth.

It is a pathetic situation when something like this has to be a talking points argument to determine who may be the best at playing a game of grammatical chess. Commenter: howe I have always worried about what fracturing really does underground, since changes to the Earth's mantle cannot be assumed to be without reaction. Commenter: John Thank you for this excellent story! We all need to remember that it is the job of the government to protect the common citizens from criminal behavior on the part of megacorps.

Clearly, the US government has failed to do their job in this case. The previous administration exempted these companies from the Clean Water Act. Now it is time for the current administration to clean up this mess.

Also, all of the companies involved in drilling for gas must be held accountable for the damage they have done. Contaminated water is NOT acceptable.

If energy companies can't do it right then let's nationalize the energy industry. Commenter: Laura Arney Try going a week without drinking the water out of your faucet or showering/bathing without using water from your faucet. Where would you get water?

What would it cost? How would your life change? In essence, you are making a trade by saying fuel for heat and electricity is preferable to clean water. We may be inspired to conserve if that is the issue.

Water for life is preferable. Commenter: KTaylor Another con, perpetrated on those who are suffering economically at the hand of those who run this same con (and Many others), using manipulated statistics and counting on their influence on government agencies to overlook and cover-up. As clean water gets more scarce and the conflict over water rights that has gone on since biblical times becomes more evident, who is to say what evil entity might foul our water for their own profit? This would certainly not be the first time someone poisoned the well. Commenter: James Herman Thousands of acres of land in New York state are leased to gas exploration and extraction. New York state's Marcellus shale contains huge amounts of natural gas.

To understand the scale one must compare existing shale gas areas New York state has shale most like the Barnett shale in Texas. So check out this comparison. (all the info is available from the cited sources) Texas Commission on Environmental Quality: Barnett Shale is a hydrocarbon-producing geological formation consisting of sedimentary rocks and stretching from the city of Dallas west and south, covering 5,000 square miles and 21 counties. Hazen and Sawyer's Final Impact Assessment Report for New York City: The Marcellus shale is one of the largest potential sources of developable energy in the U.S. And covers an area of 95,000 square miles; the New York State portion is approximately18,700 square miles New York state has over 3.7 times the square miles of land that can be exploited for natural gas in the Marcellus shale alone. This is considering that only the Marcellus shale is taken into account in reality there are several strata that contain extractable natural gas.

With this huge reserve of natural gas available it would make sense to have a cumulative scientific study of the entire process from cradle to grave carried out by an agency which does not have a profit motive to extract the natural gas. Commenter: president@bceq.org If you live in The Bronx or lower Westchester, please try to join us this Sunday, April 11th at Riverdale Ethical Culture Society (10471)11AM to hear a talk by JPC President Anne-Marie Garti on Hydrofracking in the Marcellus Shale. Commenter: Beo Lim The greatest danger of gas drilling is drinking water contamination.

Thank you for pointing out that this is not only a problem for the local residents where gas drilling is occurring but it is a serious problem for the many more residents of urban areas like New York City and Philadelphia whose source of water is from upstate NY and north-east Pennsylvania. In addition to the health issues of the local residents and animals from contaminated water I like to point out another 'side effect' of the gas drilling activities. Gas drilling requires heavy equipments and the transportation of millions of gallons of water and drilling fluid. The trucks carrying these equipments and water are so heavy they wreak many of the roads.

An example is Spring Lake Road, off Route 187 in Wyalusing, PA - a paved road that that been torn up and is now one of the worst 'gravel' road I have ever experienced. Gas companies are currently exempt from the regulations of the Clean Waters Act.

Let us hope Congress will remove this exemption soon. Gas drilling companies should comply with the Clean Waters Act just like you and me. Commenter: James Hughes You people are wrong. The problem you talk about can be avoided.Is being address.a point you forgot to mentioned. Get a life.look at the big picture. You tree huggers will destroy this country Commenter: John Harrison You don't know what you are talking about! You SHOULD find the facts before you AIR!!

Commenter: Lynne Proponents of fracking repeatedly accuse those who oppose gas extraction of 'not including the all facts' or 'not being scientific' or 'being subsidized by sponsors' (Like there's a lot of money to be made by NOT drilling?) or 'misrepresenting.' And yet.to a person (reading through the pro-drilling comments posted here), it's clear that the pro-drilling arguments self-censor -- and are undoubtedly on the pay (perhaps as leased landowners, perhaps as employees, perhaps as shareholders) of the gas companies. Why do pro-drilling apologists repeatedly ignore the realities communities across the country are actually experiencing? If problems with gas extraction are mentioned at all, they are referred to as unusual cases 'errors' or 'irregularities' that have nothing to do with fracking -- and have quick & easy fixes that are overseen by qualified personnel. They never seem to talk to the people living in Dimock,PA.

And, more egregiously, the proponents of gas extraction deliberately overlook the externalities of this industry.